The influence of vineyard on wines was evaluated for the first time using a broader analytical approach: sensory analyses and several analytical techniques (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), GC flame ionization detection (FID), GC-olfactometry-Osme technique (GC-O-Osme), GC × GC-MS), taking into account odoriferous compounds of Cabernet Sauvignon wines. Sensory attributes were correlated to the concentration of volatiles and also to favorable climate/solar exposition, less clayey/lower organic matter soil, and lower vegetative growth of one out of five vineyards, C1. Among 30 coelutions in GC-MS, 12 involved some of the odoriferous volatiles and GC × GC-MS was required to elucidate their identities. Higher concentrations of ethyl propanoate and diacetyl (related with red fruits/aromatic intensity) and of acetoin (aroma of dry fruits, but coeluted with octanal in first dimension (1D), which presents green odor) were found in C1 wine. It was also correlated with positive appearance attributes, gustatory persistence, body, smell and taste harmony, as well as with higher concentrations of phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonols, stilbenes, and flavanols.

Effects of grape maturity, maceration length during winemaking and interaction of both of them on physicochemical parameters, phenolic and volatile composition were investigated in tropical Syrah wines with the aim of finding the best conditions to produce wines that are rich in phenols and positive aroma active compounds. A headspace solid phase micro extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method was improved and validated for the analysis of 41 volatiles. Principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA)-PCA coupled with inspection of statistically significant loadings were important to access the effects of maturation and maceration on wine composition. Wines made from riper grapes (21-23 ºBrix) stood out in relation to color intensity, total phenolic compounds, and presented high levels of anthocyanins, flavonols, procyanidin A2, and linalool (floral). Thirty days of maceration were linked to higher levels of some flavan-3-ols, gallic acid, a few esters (fruity) and alcohols, (E)-nerolidol (floral), while nonanoic acid (unpleasant aroma) reduced its concentration with prolonged maceration.

Anise is frequently found among the ingredients described in the label of cosmetic products. However, the use of fennel instead of anise may occur due to the lower price of fennel. The main differences in volatile profile of anise and fennel fruits were, for the first time, evaluated using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (GC×GC/TOFMS) and chemometric analysis. Aproximately 950 peaks were found in chromatograms of each sample and Fisher ratio appointed 31 volatile analytes as the most discriminating between anise and fennel samples. These 31 compounds were used in principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis that designated seven compounds (estragole, methyl eugenol, 4,5-dehydro-isolongifolene, calamenene, linalool, β-ocimene and fenchol) as the most important to verify the use of fennel or anise in personal care products. Among these seven compounds, thrree coeluted with other compounds and were correctly identified only with the use of GC×GC/TOFMS.

Neste estudo, 14 agrotóxicos (captan, clorotalonil, deltametrina, dicloran, fention, folpete, iprodiona, linurom, malationa, prometrina, procloraz, procimidona, triclorfom e trifluralina) foram usados no desenvolvimento de um método multiresíduos (MRM), utilizando extração de cenouras com líquido pressurizado (PLE). A etapa de clean-up foi realizada por dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (MSPD), sendo testados como material dispersante o Florisil, XAD-4, XAD-7 e C18. Diclorometano, acetato de etila e acetona foram empregados como solventes para PLE, a 75 ºC e 1.500 psi. As recuperações dos analitos para cenouras liofilizadas ficaram na faixa de 70 a 133%. Entretanto, os percentuais de recuperação obtidos para as cenouras úmidas não foram satisfatórios (< 70%). Os coeficientes de determinação das curvas analíticas situaram-se na faixa de 0,9821 a 0,9997; os limites de detecção (LOD) e de quantificação (LOQ) para os vários compostos investigados ficaram entre 0,0024-0,1968 mg kg-1 e entre 0,0072-0,5963 mg kg-1, respectivamente.

In this study, 14 pesticides (captan, chlorothalonil, deltamethrin, dicloran, fenthion, folpet, iprodione, linuron, malathion, prometryn, prochloraz, procymidone, trichlorphon and trifluralin) were employed for developing a multiresidue method (MRM) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). In situ clean-up was achieved using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD), where Florisil, XAD-4, XAD-7 and C18 were tested as dispersing material for carrot samples. Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and acetone were used as solvents in a PLE unit at 75 ºC and 1,500 psi. Recovery was in the range of 70 to 133 %. Results obtained with wet carrots were not satisfactory, since most of the recovery values were below 70%. Determination coefficients of the analytical curves presented values between 0.9821 and 0.9970. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the various components varied from 0.0024 to 0.1968 mg kg-1, and 0.0072 to 0.5963 mg kg-1, respectively.

Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae) e Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae) são plantas nativas do Rio Grande do Sul e são hospedeiras de dois psilídeos galhadores (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) ainda não identificados. As duas plantas em estudo produzem óleo essencial e seus compostos voláteis podem ter um importante papel na interação inseto-planta. A extração e análise dos voláteis das folhas, folhas galhadas e galhas foram realizadas por microextração em fase sólida no modo "headspace " e por cromatografia gasosa com detector de espectrometria de massas. Verificou-se que a composição do "headspace" das galhas de B. spicata e S. polygamus é diferente daquela do "headspace " das folhas sadias. A principal alteração observada foi o aumento da contribuição de monoterpenos no "headspace " das galhas comparativamente ao que se verificou nos tecidos saudáveis. Algumas mudanças também foram observadas na produção de voláteis verdes, em ambas as espécies, mas especialmente na S. polygamus. O possível papel ecológico desses compostos químicos também é discutido.

Baccharis spicata (Asteraceae) and Schinus polygamus (Anacardiaceae) are plants native from Rio Grande do Sul and are hosts of two unidentified galling psyllids (Hemiptera, Psyllidae). Both plant species produce essential oil and their volatile compounds play an important role related to this kind of plant-insect interaction. Extraction and analysis of volatiles produced by leaves, galled leaves and galls were performed using headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector. Composition of the headspace of B. spicata and S. polygamus galls showed a significant change in their volatile profile when compared to healthy leaves. These changes were mainly related to a higher production of monoterpenes in galled tissue, compared to what was found in healthy samples. Some changes on the production of green leaf volatiles were also observed in both plant species, especially in S. polygamus. The possible ecological role of these chemical changes was discussed.